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=== Nouns === {{ruby|<big>[[象]]</big>|샹}}{{ruby|[[兮]]|헤̩}} {{ruby|<big>[[飛行機]]</big>|뷔항기̩}} {{ruby|<big>[[用]]</big>|용}} {{ruby|<big>[[汽油]]</big>|기유}} ''Regarding elephants, airplanes use gasoline.'' Unlike English, most of the languages of Asia are verb-centric. This can be discerned by the fact that adjectives are stative verbs, not substantive nouns. In all the languages of our region, nouns are not marked for number, gender, or case. Word order determines a great deal of meaning. Topics must come first in the sentence and be marked with the postposition {{ruby|兮|헤̩}}. The subject may be dropped. Postpositional phrases must come before the verb. Objects must come after the verb. Topics serve a variety of grammatical roles, but one of the most important is possession, which is indicated by POSSESSOR-topic POSSESSEE exist. ==== The Noun Phrase ==== {| border="1" | (Determiner - [ {{ruby|[[此]]|치}} or {{ruby|[[其]]|기}} or {{ruby|[[彼]]|비}} ])? | AdjectivalPhrase* | Noun | (Honorific Suffix - {{ruby|[[公]]|헤̩}})? | ClassifierPhrase |} The noun phrase consists of an optional determiner ({{ruby|此|치}}, {{ruby|其|기}}, or {{ruby|彼|비}}), any adjectival phrases, the noun itself, an optional honorific suffix ({{ruby|公|헤̩}}), an optional plural suffix (simple or associative), and an optional classifier phrase. ==== Pronouns ==== The most polite thing to do is drop the pronoun. This is humble if you are speak about yourself, and it is middle-ground for speaking to another. To be polite, use the person's title. Using their name or "you" is much more intimate. {| class="bluetable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" ! width="7%"| ! width="10%"|{{SRuby|此}}<br/>Proximal ! width="13%"|{{SRuby|其}}<br />Mesial ! width="13%"|{{SRuby|彼}}<br />Distal ! width="12%"|{{SRuby|何}}<br /><small>Interrogative</small><ref>These words function in non-question sentences like English "-ever" words.</ref> ! width="11%"|{{SRuby|無}}<br />Negative ! width="12%"|{{SRuby|毎}}<br />Cyclic ! width="11%"|{{SRuby|某}}<br />Existential ! width="13%"|{{SRuby|皆}}<br />Universal |- ! {{SRuby|事}} <br /> Act |{{Ruby|[[此事]]|체지}} <br />this act |[[其事]] <br />that act |[[彼事]] <br />yon act |[[何事]] <br />which act |[[無事]] <br />no act |{{Some|[[毎事]] <br />for every}} |[[某事]] <br />some act |{{Ruby|[[皆事]]|계지}} <br /> every act |- ! {{SRuby|物}} <br /> Object |[[此物]] <br />this object |[[其物]] <br />that object |[[彼物]] <br />yon object |[[何物]] <br />which thing |[[無物]] <br />nothing |{{Some|[[毎物]] <br />for every thing}} |[[某物]] <br />something |[[皆物]] <br />everything |- ! {{SRuby|人}} <br /> Person |[[此人]] <br />this person |[[其人]] <br />that person |[[彼人]] <br />yon person |{{Yes|{{Ruby|[[誰]]|슈̩}} <ref>[[何人]] - what person, whatever person - is also possible, but rude</ref> <br /> who}} |[[無人]] <br /> nobody |{{Some|[[毎人]] <br /> for everybody}} |[[某人]] <br /> somebody |[[皆人]] <br /> everyone |- !{{SRuby|処}} <br /> Place |{{Ruby|[[此処]]|치쵸}} <br /> here |{{Ruby|[[其処]]|기쵸}} <br /> there |{{Ruby|[[彼処]]|비쵸}} <br /> yonder |{{Ruby|[[何処]]|하쵸}} <br /> where |[[無処]] <br /> nowhere |{{Some|[[毎処]] <br />in every place}} |[[某処]] <br />somewhere |[[皆処]] <br />everywhere |- ! {{SRuby|時}} <br /> Time |[[此時]] <br />now |[[其時]] <br />then |[[彼時]] <br />another time |{{SRuby|何時}} <br />when |[[無時]] <br />never |{{Some|[[毎時]] <br />always}} |[[某時]] <br />sometime |[[皆時]] <br />all times |- !{{SRuby|様}} <br /> Manner |{{Some|[[此様]] <br />thus}} |{{Some|[[其様]] <br />in that way}} |{{Some|[[彼様]] <br />in another way}} |{{Some|[[何様]] <br />how}} |{{Some|[[無様]] <br /> in no way}} |{{Some|[[毎様]] <br /> in every way}} |{{Some|[[某様]] <br />somehow}} | style="background:black;" | |- ! {{SRuby|多}} Quantity |[[此多]] <br />this many |[[其多]] <br />that many |[[彼多]] <br />that many |[[何多]] <br />how many |[[無多]] <br /> no amount | style="background: black;" | |[[某多]] <br /> some amount | style="background: black;" | |- ! {{SRuby|類}} <br /> Kind |[[此類]]<br />this kind |[[其類]]<br />that kind |[[彼類]]<br />that other kind |[[何類]]<br />what kind |[[無類]] <br /> no kind |{{Some|[[毎類]] <br /> totally}} |[[某類]] <br /> some kind |[[皆類]] <br /> every kind |- !{{SRuby|因}} <br /> Reason |{{Ruby|[[此因]]|체류̩}} <br /> this reason |{{Ruby|[[其因]]|기류̩}} <br /> that reason |[[彼因]] <br /> that reason |[[何因]]([[于]]) <br /> why |[[無因]] <br /> no reason |style="background: black;" | |[[某因]] <br /> some reason |[[皆因]] <br /> every reason |}
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